Carbon tax at a rate of SGD 5 per tonne of carbon dioxide-equivalent (tCO2e) of emissions will be applied on the total greenhouse gas emissions of facilities that produce 25,000 or more tCO2e of emissions per year. The carbon tax will apply uniformly to all sectors, without exemption, and will take the form of a fixed-price credits-based mechanism. The first payment of the carbon tax will be in 2020, based on emissions in 2019. The tax rate will be reviewed by 2023, and there are plans to increase it to between SGD 10 and SGD 15 per tCO2e emissions by 2030.